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Family Planning in the Development Policy of the United States: Empowering Women or Instrumentalization of Women's Bodies?
Pelikánová, Kristýna ; Plechanovová, Běla (advisor) ; Kotvalová, Anna (referee)
Looking at the critical literature regarding family planning in the development policy many authors argue that population control is not a thing of the past but is present in the contemporary discourse and policies regarding population. The thesis identifies the main concerns associated with population growth and examines to what extent they determine the policy and aid allocation toward family planning programs of the United States over the period of 2010-2020. Using the panel data concerning developing countries through the OLS and fixed effect methods of estimation, the thesis examines to what extent is the aid allocation in the selected case determined by the recipient's income, bilateral trade with the donor country, recipient's political stability, maternal mortality, and stress on the water resources, used as a proxy for environmental degradation. The thesis finds certain evidence of the influence of environmental degradation and trade with the donor country on the allocation of support for family planning, but not the influence of maternal mortality, the reduction of which is proclaimed as one of the main goals of family planning programs. The conclusions of the thesis indicate the prevalence of strategic considerations in the allocation of foreign aid by the United States and the...
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Effect of Enhanced Financial Transparency on Foreign Aid Captured by Elites
Žalman, Jan ; Palanský, Miroslav (advisor) ; Janský, Petr (referee)
This thesis estimates the capture of foreign aid in developing countries, where elites divert the aid intended for economic growth and poverty reduction to offshore bank deposits in tax havens. Using publicly available data, we analyze the relationship between aid disbursements and offshore deposits and find that while the aid capture persists since 1990, the enhanced financial transparency has had a diminishing impact. We also investigate the role of portfolio invest- ment and corruption, emphasizing the importance of addressing these issues to ensure effective aid redistribution. Our findings suggest that the individu- als benefiting from the flow of funds to tax havens during aid disbursements are likely ruling elites, highlighting the need for greater transparency in aid distribution. JEL Classification F35, O19 Keywords aid capture, offshore bank deposits, foreign aid, fi- nancial transparency, tax havens Title Effect of Enhanced Financial Transparency on For- eign Aid Captured by Elites 1
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Involvement of the People's Republic of China in Africa
Svobodová, Petra ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Karásek, Tomáš (referee)
Diploma thesis "Involvement of the People's Republic of China in Africa' deals with the evolution of China-Africa cooperation in the three specified time periods. Mainly it deals with the time period of the last nearly sixty years. This time period was subsequently divided into the period of the Cold War, 1990s and the last period is representing the year 2000 up to the present. Even though the diploma thesis deals with the African continent as a whole unit, the special emphasis was put on the four specific countries - namely Angola, Nigeria, Sudan and Zimbabwe. It analyses how the mutual cooperation has changed during these three different time periods and what has been the main components of China-Africa relationship. Primarily cooperation in the economic (foreign direct investments, foreign aid, balance of trade etc.), the political, but also the military sphere is analysed. The emphasis is also put on the Chinese status of a genuine alternative to the Western donor block, especially its policy of non- interference and aid without conditions. Diploma thesis also briefly touches on the approach of the traditional Western countries towards Africa (Washington versus Beijing Consensus). Positive and negative sides of mutual cooperation is also discussed.
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Does Aid Lead to More Trade? Evidence of the Effect of US Aid on its Exports
Schütz, Anna ; Paulus, Michal (advisor) ; Semerák, Vilém (referee)
This thesis investigates the effect of US development aid on US exports to 134 recipient countries over the time period 1993 to 2015 with an application of the gravity model of international trade. Estimates of one-way panel dataset, specified by a dummy approach and estimated with OLS and PPML, suggest that for every aid dollar spent by the United States, US exports significantly increase by 1.59 US dollar. By lagging the aid variable for several years after disbursement, we find a declining effect of US aid on US exports, which indicates that tied aid is an important channel of the effect's magnitude. The effect does not vary systematically across income groups. Yet for geographical regions with a higher US export share, the impact of US aid on US exports is significantly larger suggesting that existing trading relations contribute to a larger effect of aid on donor's exports. The evidence shows that US aid increases US exports and reinforces economic relations with recipient countries and, thus, can be regarded as an important motive for the donor to provide development aid.
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The support of czech nonprofit sector by dutch foundations and organizations
Jamrichová, Hana ; Moree, Dana (advisor) ; Dohnalová, Marie (referee)
Diploma thesis "The support of Czech nonprofit sector by Dutch foundations and organizations" deals with a help and support of transforming society in 1989. It describes the civil sector in 1989, forms of financing non-profit organizations and deals with the role of foreign aid. Theoretical part contains a chapter about the Netherlands, the history of relations with this country as well as a focus on Dutch development assistance and its evaluation. The list of Dutch foundations and organizations that supported Czech civil sector is included. The research focuses on the MATRA/KAP program. The aim of research was to find out, which organizations were supported and what criteria have been established for obtaining support. I was also interested about experiences of donor and supported organizations.
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The survival of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: why didn't Jordan take part in the Arab Spring?
Altwal, Yara ; Záhora, Jakub (advisor) ; Daniel, Jan (referee)
Analyzing the various factors that strengthened the Hashemite regime's stability during the spread of chaos caused by the Arab Spring is deemed important; even though the wave of the Arab Spring has ended, Jordan's economy is still suffering and the public is still demanding reform nonetheless, the Hashemite regime is untouched. This research will analyze the regime-society bond in light of the Arab Uprising that has undoubtedly assisted in the survival of the kingdom by creating a framework by which protesters unconsciously adhered to that entailed calls for political and economic reform to be initiated by the existing regime. Furthermore, the Hashemite's most powerful allies made sure to provide military and financial assistance to ensure the regime and the kingdoms remain secure and stable. However, such aid did not come without a price; it was critical for the Hashemite regime to balance between maintaining its coordinated strategies with its allies to maintain the close relations and maintaining its sovereignty and the foreign policies that serve national interests.
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Overview of Foreign Aid in the Balkan Countries: Selected problems
Mullaj, Genta ; Baxa, Jaromír (advisor) ; Chytilová, Julie (referee)
This study attempts to ascertain the role of the World Bank and its problematical issues in Balkan countries. The foreign aid holds a key impact in these economies, but on the other hand it embraces a controversial aspect. The contradictory role of the World Bank lies in aid ineffectiveness at reducing poverty and sustaining economic growth. The foreign aid inflows did not manage to fulfill its objectives efficiently, since they created income inequalities in the region favoring distinctive economies. Corruption and bad-governmental management would expand the controversially further. Additionally, the study analyzes the impact of aid on economic growth empirically using a panel data set comprising of five Balkan economies during 2000-2010 period. We find negative and significant evidence of aid impact on growth. Moreover, the relation between governance and growth resulted positive. Results display a clear framework of aid ineffectively across the region. The Balkan countries should therefore focus on a better effective management of the World Bank aid to reduce poverty, income inequality and to achieve the economic growth.
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Problems and perspectives of development aid: donors and developing countries
Studecký, Jan ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Hlavičková, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of this thesis called 'Problems and perspectives of development aid: donors and developing countries' are main questions of development aid in general. Basic ideas of the whole concept are defined in the first chapter. The history of development aid and international theories' perspectives of development aid are mentioned here. The second chapter consists of classifications and characteristics of developing countries together with their capacities for integration. The donors are presented in the third chapter. The main part of the thesis is the fourth chapter in which the problems of development aid are analysed on the grounds of contemporary field literature. At the beginning of the fourth chapter the qualitative problems of development aid are analysed together with the donors' motivations for its distribution. The best possible form of development aid is discussed later on - whether it is better to provide developing countries with loans or non-repayable grants. Moreover, the coordination problems within the development aid are discussed as well as possible alternatives to development aid - such as trade. The thesis pays also attention to negative consequences of development aid. Possible solutions to the problems mentioned are sketched within each sub-chapter.
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Comparison of foreign aid of USA and China with the concentration on region of Latin America
Mičovská, Natália ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Parízek, Michal (referee)
The topic of this thesis is "Comparison of foreign aid of USA and China with the concentration on the region of Latin America". In the past several years, the foreign aid of People's Republic of China has grown dramatically to the region of Latin America and Caribbean. The United States is a traditional donor and Latin America is its long-term sphere of influence. Until recently, China had been recognized more as a foreign aid receiver, not as a donor. However, since the beginning of the 21st century, China has massively increased the support of developing economies. China, as an emerging donor, is not very transparent and it is very hard to estimate its future. Chinese government treats the foreign aid data as a national secret and it releases only very comprehensive data. As states, USA and China are very different, from historical or economical point of view, both have different political regimes, or standards of living. This work aims to point out the similarities and differences between the two countries and their motivation to provide foreign aid to Latin-American countries. Through the qualitative comparison I would like to prove/disprove two hypothesis: 1) Both countries provide foreign aid to develop the region of Latin America, however, both have different motivation - while for USA the...
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